PERANCANGAN DAN EVALUASI APLIKASI VIRTUAL REALITY UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH LOKAL BERBASIS PENGALAMAN IMERSIF
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Abstract
Pembelajaran sejarah berbasis pendekatan tradisional masih menghadapi tantangan dalam menyajikan konteks temporal maupun spasial secara komprehensif. Ketergantungan pada media teks dan visual statis seringkali tidak mampu membangun representasi mental yang kuat terhadap dinamika peristiwa historis. Untuk menjawab keterbatasan tersebut, teknologi Virtual Reality (VR) hadir sebagai alternatif pedagogis yang menawarkan pengalaman belajar imersif dan interaktif. Penelitian ini merancang dan menguji aplikasi VR untuk pembelajaran sejarah lokal dengan memanfaatkan rekonstruksi digital situs bersejarah regional. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan Unity 3D dan Oculus SDK, serta mengintegrasikan narasi interaktif, model 3D berpresisi tinggi, dan mekanisme umpan balik real-time. Evaluasi dilakukan pada 60 siswa SMA melalui desain pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur retensi pengetahuan, tingkat keterlibatan, dan kepuasan pengguna. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pemahaman siswa sebesar 34% dibandingkan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Nilai engagement mencapai rata-rata 4,2 dari 5 berdasarkan skala Likert, dan durasi aktivitas belajar meningkat sebesar 45%. Selain itu, analisis usability dengan System Usability Scale (SUS) menghasilkan skor 78,5 yang menunjukkan tingkat penerimaan pengguna yang baik. Temuan ini menegaskan potensi VR dalam meningkatkan efektivitas dan daya tarik pembelajaran sejarah.
Kontribusi utama penelitian ini mencakup perumusan framework desain VR edukatif yang bersifat adaptif bagi berbagai konteks sejarah lokal serta penyediaan bukti empiris terkait efektivitas pembelajaran imersif. Studi ini merekomendasikan penerapan bertahap teknologi VR dalam kurikulum sejarah sebagai strategi peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran dan pelestarian warisan budaya.
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